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Enterobacter cloacae non-nosocomial infections
I know its a long shot but does anybody know anywhere i can get information about Enterobacter cloacae infections which aren't picked up from a hospital or similar situation. The occurence of these is very small but any information would be gratefully received.
steve
steve
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Enterobacter species, particularly Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter aerogenes, are important nosocomial pathogens responsible for various infections, including bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and ophthalmic infections. Enterobacter species can also cause various community-acquired infections, including UTIs, skin and soft-tissue infections, and wound infections, among others.
Risk factors for nosocomial Enterobacter infections include hospitalization of greater than 2 weeks, invasive procedures in the past 72 hours, treatment with antibiotics in the past 30 days, and the presence of a central venous catheter. Specific risk factors for infection with nosocomial multidrug-resistant strains of Enterobacter species include the recent use of broad-spectrum cephalosporins or aminoglycosides and ICU care.
These "ICU bugs" cause significant morbidity and mortality, and infection management is complicated by resistance to multiple antibiotics. Enterobacter species possess inducible beta-lactamases, which are undetectable in vitro but are responsible for resistance during treatment. Physicians treating patients with Enterobacter infections are advised to avoid certain antibiotics, particularly third-generation cephalosporins, because resistant mutants can quickly appear. The crucial first step is appropriate identification of the bacteria. Antibiograms must be interpreted with respect to the different resistance mechanisms and their respective frequency, as is reported for Enterobacter species, even if routine in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing has not identified resistance.
you will find more info if you google it
Risk factors for nosocomial Enterobacter infections include hospitalization of greater than 2 weeks, invasive procedures in the past 72 hours, treatment with antibiotics in the past 30 days, and the presence of a central venous catheter. Specific risk factors for infection with nosocomial multidrug-resistant strains of Enterobacter species include the recent use of broad-spectrum cephalosporins or aminoglycosides and ICU care.
These "ICU bugs" cause significant morbidity and mortality, and infection management is complicated by resistance to multiple antibiotics. Enterobacter species possess inducible beta-lactamases, which are undetectable in vitro but are responsible for resistance during treatment. Physicians treating patients with Enterobacter infections are advised to avoid certain antibiotics, particularly third-generation cephalosporins, because resistant mutants can quickly appear. The crucial first step is appropriate identification of the bacteria. Antibiograms must be interpreted with respect to the different resistance mechanisms and their respective frequency, as is reported for Enterobacter species, even if routine in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing has not identified resistance.
you will find more info if you google it
err, I think it's time to start again.
Enterobacter cloacae exists in the human digestive tract naturally in the majority of people. In most cases of hospital acquired infections, the infections are now regarded as arising from the patient�s own microflora. Fortunately, these anaerobes rarely take hold in anyone not immunocompromised or debilitated.
In the environment, E. Cloacae is found in faeces, sewage, soil and water. In plants it is responsible for various bacterial basal rots. Commercial supplies of ginger are periodically destroyed in some countries due to a very contagious form of rhizome rot caused by E. cloacae. On the Hawaiian islands, commercial ginger cultivation has virtually come to a standstill due to this gram-negative rod.
E. cloacae is also being used in bioreactors these days for the biodegradation of explosives. I�ve been fortunate to have seen at first hand their use in this respect and their inclusion in bioreactors has revolutionised the destruction of some types of explosive. The bacteria are particularly good at dealing with old, unstable explosives.
Enterobacter cloacae exists in the human digestive tract naturally in the majority of people. In most cases of hospital acquired infections, the infections are now regarded as arising from the patient�s own microflora. Fortunately, these anaerobes rarely take hold in anyone not immunocompromised or debilitated.
In the environment, E. Cloacae is found in faeces, sewage, soil and water. In plants it is responsible for various bacterial basal rots. Commercial supplies of ginger are periodically destroyed in some countries due to a very contagious form of rhizome rot caused by E. cloacae. On the Hawaiian islands, commercial ginger cultivation has virtually come to a standstill due to this gram-negative rod.
E. cloacae is also being used in bioreactors these days for the biodegradation of explosives. I�ve been fortunate to have seen at first hand their use in this respect and their inclusion in bioreactors has revolutionised the destruction of some types of explosive. The bacteria are particularly good at dealing with old, unstable explosives.
wendilla, steveb asked specifically about Enterobacter cloacae NOT the Enterobacter genus as a whole. Therefore cutting and pasting from the following website is innapropriate.
http://www.emedicine.com/med/byname/Enterobact er-Infections.htm
Given the technical nature of steveb's question, I trust he will not make the same mistake as you. Perhaps if you had read the article, you might have seen it for yourself.
http://www.emedicine.com/med/byname/Enterobact er-Infections.htm
Given the technical nature of steveb's question, I trust he will not make the same mistake as you. Perhaps if you had read the article, you might have seen it for yourself.
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